Adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD) or Addison-Schilder syndrome is a hereditary disease that usually occurs in childhood and leads to rapid neurological decline. In the final stage, pronounced dementia manifests, ultimately resulting in the loss of vital bodily functions and death. Because the disease is inherited in an X-linked recessive manner, it primarily affects males; although girls can be carriers of the gene mutation, they rarely exhibit symptoms themselves.