Although the question of the reference to God was only a marginal topic in the debates of the EU Constitutional Convention, it long preoccupied large parts of the public and especially the churches. Many expected it to contribute to the formation of a European identity. The failure of the societal and political forces that sought to include a reference to God in the constitutional treaty can be explained in various ways: in relation to the political power dynamics of the European Union, the weak representation of churches at the European level, or the lack of an effective European public sphere. The author seeks to identify causes related to the functioning of institutions on one hand and the relevance and scope of symbolic politics on the other. The book is aimed at those interested in sociology, politics, and religion, as well as those engaged with developments and processes concerning the legal foundations of Europe.