On the western side of Mount Olympus, at an altitude of 1,250 meters, lies the picturesque village of Kokkinopilos, or Kokkinoplo, named after the red soil on which it stands. In this region, a German citizen was kidnapped in the summer of 1911, leading to tensions between Greece, Turkey, and the German Empire. Edwart Richter, a German engineer, had the plan to be the first to summit Olympus but ultimately ended up in the hands of guerrilla bands known as Klephten, who sought to extort a ransom. Kokkinoplo remained under Turkish territory until its liberation in October 1912, with the Greek-Turkish border running from the Ambrakian Gulf in the west through Arta to the lower Olympus in the east. This book is based on the official correspondence of the Greek Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Giannis Adamou's book "The Richter Case," additional publications, and Richter's own book "My Experiences in Captivity at Olympus along with a Description of the Development of the Klephten System." On the eve of the Balkan Wars and World War I, Europe was in a constant state of shifting alliances. Against this political backdrop, Edwart Richter was preparing for his third trip to Greece in early 1911 in the city of Jena. However, upon his arrival, the Greeks decided to kidnap him, thereby creating further issues in the relations between Berlin and Constantinople. As a result, the Ottoman Empire was discredited in front of its ally Germany, showing Europe that it could neither protect its citizens nor control its territories. Richter's kidnapping boosted the morale of the Greeks residing in Ottoman territories and Greece in general, as well as the Greek army in particular, since the kidnappers handed over part of the ransom to the military.