The book "French and Russian Neoclassical Cello Literature and Its Methodological Background" offers a comprehensive analysis of the development of cello playing and the associated literature. It is based on a dissertation from 2003 and examines the beginnings and significant development of the French and Russian cello schools. The work highlights the influences of composers such as Debussy, Honegger, Stravinsky, Shostakovich, and Prokofiev, providing detailed technical solutions for performing these works. The author, Klára Iván, works as a cello teacher at the Bartók Béla Music Academy in Miskolc and has observed in her teaching practice that challenging neoclassical cello compositions positively impact the learning of the instrument in advanced stages. This specialized book is aimed at music educators, cellists, and anyone interested in the development of cello music in the 20th century.