The book "Gradients in a Tropical Mountain Ecosystem of Ecuador" offers a comprehensive analysis of a tropical mountain ecosystem in one of the world's most significant biodiversity hotspots. In collaboration with around 30 research teams from various disciplines of natural and social sciences, two central gradients are examined: the elevation gradient and the gradient of land use intensity as well as ecosystem regeneration. The authors Jörg Bendix, Reinhard Mosandl, and Erwin Beck present a variety of ecologically relevant aspects, ranging from micro- and macroclimate to soil physics and chemistry, as well as water relations and nutrient availability. The book also highlights the interactions between organisms, the diversity and population biology of various species, and the importance of sustainable management and reforestation with native species. New hypotheses regarding biodiversity and the functioning of ecosystems are proposed, which are essential for understanding and preserving these unique habitats.