With this Volume 2, the reports of former Heidelberg university professors in physics and astronomy about their scientific work and the history of their field continue. All contributions are again based on autobiographical lectures that were presented for this volume between 2006 and 2008 as part of a lecture series. They discuss the development of physics in the second half of the 20th century, particularly focusing on advances in our understanding of nuclear physics and the revival of astrophysics at Heidelberg University. In addition to scientific content, they provide insights into the respective environments and the paths that led to the scientific discoveries, with the texts reflecting much of the liveliness of oral presentations and the authenticity of personal memories.