The book "Hematologic Abnormalities and Acute Lung Syndromes" provides a comprehensive framework for the study of acute lung syndromes that result from hematological disorders or are defined by a hematological anomaly as a central feature. These acute lung diseases can pose life-threatening conditions, which is why specialists in pulmonology or intensive care medicine are often involved in treatment or consulted for expertise. The chapters are divided into three sections, each focusing on the pathogenesis and current understanding of the underlying mechanisms. The text begins with the central theme of the lung as a direct interface between the external environment and the blood, describing the individual components of the hematopoietic system and their function and relevance to the lung. The second section addresses both benign and malignant primary hematological disorders that can lead to acute pulmonary manifestations. The final section focuses on acute lung syndromes resulting from complications of transfusions and treatments. The chapters are presented in an easily accessible format and provide information on diagnosis, management, and outcomes. This book is a valuable resource for training pulmonologists, intensive care specialists, and physicians caring for patients in the intensive care unit.