Few periods of German history seem to be as well-researched today as the 14 years of the first German democracy, which was destroyed by the National Socialist dictatorship in 1933. Yet, for a long time, this era was viewed merely as a period between the wars, a continuation of the history of the German Empire, and a prelude to dictatorship, even considered a stillborn child of the revolution. In contrast, the Weimar Republic is now regarded as an independent era with developmental potential and its own successes, particularly in having survived its turbulent early years. While the focus has long been on the conflicts of the Reich, the history of its individual states has been neglected but is now increasingly becoming the subject of study. This book on the history of Hesse during the Weimar Republic examines a region that, as a political entity, only existed in its current borders from 1945 onwards, yet was characterized by historical, ideological, and institutional interconnections even before that. It presents the political history of Hesse from 1919 to 1933, referencing economic, societal, and social developments to clarify this political landscape.