The propaganda film "Jud Süss" (1940) was deliberately used by the Nazis to incite antisemitic violence – for example, in concentration camps. It is all the more astonishing that the director Veit Harlan denied the film's antisemitic intent after World War II. Bill Niven describes in his book, among other things, the intense debate surrounding the film – and Harlan himself – in post-war Germany. Demonstrations in West Germany in the 1950s against Harlan's return to the film industry played an important role in the development of a democratic protest culture and a defensive stance against antisemitism. However, in the Middle East, Harlan's film took on a new life – as anti-Israeli propaganda. The Federal Republic responded to this misuse rather hesitantly. However, this did not mark the end of the film's history. Even today, efforts are being made to use "Jud Süss" as a pedagogical tool to illustrate how antisemitic propaganda works – yet the fear of the film remains significant.