The book "Nondestructive Materials Characterization" provides a comprehensive overview of nondestructive testing (NDE) of materials, which is crucial in modern technologies. It highlights the importance of NDE in ensuring product reliability and preventing accidents, particularly in safety-critical areas such as aviation, the automotive industry, and energy production. Given the challenges posed by aging infrastructures, the necessity for NDE and nondestructive material characterization is becoming increasingly clear. The book covers various methods, including X-ray, ultrasonic, optical, and thermal techniques, with a particular emphasis on high spatial resolution procedures to detect early stages of degradation and characterize the microstructure of materials. Each chapter offers a brief introduction to the fundamentals and principles of the respective NDE method.