The textbook "Acute Bilateral Ophthalmoplegia Related to a Paraneoplastic Syndrome" offers a comprehensive analysis of the various causes of ophthalmoplegia, particularly in the context of paraneoplastic syndromes. It presents a case report of a patient who arrived at the clinic with binocular diplopia and cerebellar symptoms, without any prior neoplastic history. Within two days, there was an impairment of the oculomotor nerves. The neurophysiological, ophthalmological, and biological examinations conducted revealed no abnormalities. The author discusses the diagnostic possibilities, including Devic's disease and Miller-Fisher syndrome, the latter confirmed by the detection of a specific antibody in the cerebrospinal fluid. After an unsuccessful attempt with corticosteroids, an immunoglobulin protocol was introduced, leading to significant clinical improvement. This book highlights the diagnostic challenges and the complexity of neurological paraneoplastic syndromes, which are often not adequately recognized by professionals.