The book "Origin and Evolution of the Vertebrate Telencephalon, with Special Reference to the Mammalian Neocortex" by Francisco Aboitiz offers a comprehensive analysis of the development of the telencephalic part of the brain in vertebrates, with a particular focus on the neocortical system of mammals. It highlights the complex evolutionary processes that have led to the emergence of these highly developed brain structures. Aboitiz discusses the challenges arising from the study of the origins of the vertebrate brain and addresses the debates that take place both in the scientific community and in the broader society regarding the emergence of complex biological structures. The book is a valuable resource for professionals and students engaged in the evolution of neurology and brain development.