The book "Development of Economic Systems" offers a comprehensive analysis of the scientific and practical challenges in the field of economic system development at the international level. It addresses the trends, laws, and paradoxes of both macroeconomic and microeconomic changes in the past and present to forecast future developments. The integrative approach, which incorporates various analytical methods and modeling, allows for a deep understanding of these processes. The authors present new indicators and evaluation methods for development and redefine the fundamental principles of economic growth theory. Additionally, modern development trends in the carbon industry in Russia are analyzed, taking into account qualitative and quantitative parameters of the multifunctional operation of specific economic systems. The book is aimed at a broad audience, including students, doctoral candidates, educators at economic universities, as well as researchers and practitioners interested in the trends and processes that shape the future of the economy.