The book "Space-time relativity and gravitation" focuses on the development of Einstein's theory of gravitation, which is based on the relativity of space and time. It addresses the projectively invariant equations of gravitation and resolves contradictions between the theory and modern field theory. The two descriptions of gravitation – as the curvature of the Riemannian space-time continuum and as a field in Minkowski space – are presented as not mutually exclusive. On this basis, fundamental issues of the theory and relativistic astrophysics are revisited. In particular, it is shown that the spherically symmetric field does not exhibit a singularity, that the energy of the gravitational field of a point mass is finite, and that the accelerated expansion of the universe is a consequence of the properties of gravitation. The book is aimed at physicists and astrophysicists, but is also comprehensible for advanced students.