The looting of cultural property in the event of an armed conflict is likely as old as warfare itself. During World War II, it was the Monuments Men who attempted to prevent this centuries-old practice of war. As the front lines advanced, the art protection officers of the so-called Monuments, Fine Arts & Archives Section worked to minimize destruction to architecture and monuments, as well as to museums and archives. In addition, they were on the lookout for looted and plundered art, specifically the artworks that had been seized by the Nazis in the occupied territories, particularly from the disenfranchised Jews. A key factor in locating these cultural properties was the gathering and analysis of information. Therefore, since the end of 1944, the U.S. military intelligence was reinforced with a special unit, the Art Looting Investigation Unit (ALIU), whose history, tasks, and impacts are presented in this work.