Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) promotes functional recovery after ischemic stroke, as has been repeatedly demonstrated in clinical studies. However, surprisingly little is known about the neurobiological mechanisms underlying these positive effects. The present study aimed to investigate whether repetitive tDCS in healthy mice induces modulation of neurogenesis and microglia, the local immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS). For this purpose, 20 male mice were randomized into 5 groups and received daily tDCS for ten days with either anodal or cathodal polarity, while sham-stimulated animals served as controls. The effects were assessed using immunohistochemical staining, employing the neuroblast marker Doublecortin (DCX) to evaluate neurogenesis in the subventricular zone (SVZ) and by visualizing activated microglia in the cerebral cortex through their expression of ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule-1 (Iba1). Depending on polarity and stimulation density, promising effects on neurogenesis and neuroinflammation were observed.