"To Prevent and To Punish" is a scholarly book that addresses the crime of genocide, a serious violation of international law that is condemned by both customary law and specific treaties. The author, Emina Cerimovic, examines the obligations of the international community and the parties to the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide, which encompass both the prevention and punishment of this crime. The work highlights the different interpretations of the concept of intent to destroy, as defined in the Convention, and analyzes the two main approaches: the knowledge-based and the purpose-based approach. Through a comparative analysis, it is demonstrated that a harmonized interpretation of the intent to destroy is necessary to ensure that genocide can be both prevented and punished. The findings indicate that both approaches are complementary, and the application of each approach depends on individual accountability and the focus on punishment or prevention.