"Understanding Carbon Nanotubes" offers a comprehensive introduction to the science of carbon nanotubes, highlighting both fundamental concepts and the latest developments in this dynamic research field. The book is structured so that each chapter begins with an introductory overview of relevant interdisciplinary topics from physics, chemistry, or materials science. These introductions are complemented by detailed discussions of specific issues, ranging from the polymorphism of carbon to synthesis methods, growth mechanisms, and structural analyses using electron microscopy. Additionally, spectroscopic methods, electronic structure, as well as the transport, mechanical, and surface properties of nanotubes and their composites are covered. The book is aimed at both students and experienced researchers, illustrating how closely the progress in nanotube science is linked to developments in experimental and computational tools.