The book deals with the relationships between the Brazilian military regime and the Soviet Union under the dichotomy of ideology and pragmatism. It identifies the factors that favored the development of relations between regimes with such different political-ideological projects, understands the influence of the international context at the time, and highlights the areas where the relationships between Brasília and Moscow were more substantial. Last but not least, the work aims to develop a genuinely Brazilian understanding of the Soviet Union and its foreign policy.