Whether religion is characterized by a loss of significance in the present or a return of the religious is a matter of debate. There is consensus that religion holds different meanings in various cultures and countries. Recognizing that Poland and East Germany represent two extremes in this regard, German and Polish social scientists are undertaking the task of highlighting similarities and differences between Poland, West Germany, and East Germany for the first time, developing comparative and further-reaching perspectives in the field of research. This includes the question of whether, despite differences in entrenched religiosity, secularization processes can be observed in all areas, as well as inquiries into the younger generation's relationship with religion and its political consequences: Does social engagement decline and social capital diminish alongside secularization processes?.