How the Six-Day War Changed the World. Tom Segev describes the causes, course, and consequences of the Six-Day War that Israel fought against its Arab neighboring countries in June 1967. He traces the decision-making processes within the Israeli government and reveals the web of various interests that turned this war into a significant geopolitical conflict. In the early morning of June 5, 1967, Israeli Air Force planes took to the skies. Just a few days later, Israel had defeated its Arab adversaries and now controlled a territory many times larger than its actual state borders. This spectacular military operation marked the beginning of the third military conflict in the Middle East, which would go down in history as the Six-Day War. The effects of the war are still felt today.