For the analysis and synthesis of sampled-data systems, state representations and z-transformation are closely linked, allowing the advantages of both representation methods to be fully utilized. The pole assignment in the design of observers and state vector feedback is presented in detail. Additionally, frequency domain methods are also covered. The fundamentals of robustness theory have been fully integrated into the entire text in the third edition. The parameter space method for designing robust controls is still available in Volume II of the second edition. Sections specifically focused on sampled-data systems include the choice of sampling period, asynchronous and non-ideal sampling, behavior between sampling instants, sampled-data systems with dead time, absolute stability of discrete systems with actuator nonlinearity, and sequences with finite system response.