Rudolf von Sebottendorf, also known as Erwin Torre, whose real name was Adam Alfred Rudolf Glauer, was an adventurer, occultist, publisher, and anti-Semite. The once very wealthy Sebottendorf was active in the milieu of the völkisch movement, the suppression of the Munich Soviet Republic, the Freikorps, and anti-Semitic secret societies, including as a publisher of the Völkischer Beobachter. Around 1918, he gathered like-minded individuals, such as in the Thule Society, many of whom later became leaders of the NSDAP.