Adam Schaff (March 10, 1913, in Lviv; November 12, 2006, in Warsaw) was a Polish Marxist philosopher. Adam Schaff earned his doctorate in philosophy in 1945 at Moscow State University. Initially, Schaff was a loyal supporter of orthodox Marxism, but from the mid-1960s, he significantly contributed to the development of democratic socialism. His political and academic career was tumultuous. Since 1948, he taught Marxist philosophy at the University of Warsaw. From 1955 to 1969, he was a member of the Central Committee of the Polish United Workers' Party, where he was regarded as its chief ideologist. He was expelled from the party in 1981. Since 1969, he had been a member of the Club of Rome.