"Adaptive Mechanisms in the Ecology of Vision" is a specialized book that addresses advancements in the ecology of vision. Originally established by John Lythgoe as a pioneer in this field, this work comprehensively covers the development of adaptive mechanisms that influence vision in animals. The book reflects on two decades of research and provides deep insights into the interactions between visual systems, animal behavior, and the environment. It brings together contributions from leading researchers who examine theoretical and physical aspects of light and photoreception, as well as examples of the structure and function of visual systems. Additionally, important topics such as visual behavior and communication are discussed, with the adaptability of visual mechanisms highlighted as a central theme. Advances in the molecular dimension and the application of new techniques have significantly deepened understanding in this area and broadened perspectives for future research.