The present work focuses on the optimization of free-form adaptive composite surface structures based on a developed design method that relies on a parametric overall model. Adaptive structures can be implemented as material-saving, delicate constructions using smart materials. The developed design method enables the design and optimization of material-minimized shell structures in a multi-stage process. Additionally, analyses regarding sustainability are conducted based on a life cycle assessment. The general validity and transferability of the design method to other load-bearing systems in construction, particularly different material configurations, are demonstrated through various examples.