Advanced data management has always been at the core of efficient database and information systems. Recent trends like big data and cloud computing have increased the need for sophisticated and flexible data storage and processing solutions. This book provides comprehensive coverage of the principles of data management developed in recent decades, focusing on data structures and query languages. It explores a variety of data models and surveys the foundations of structuring, processing, storing, and querying data according to these models. Starting with database design, it discusses the weaknesses of the relational data model and then covers the basics of graph data, tree-structured XML data, key-value pairs, nested semi-structured JSON data, columnar and record-oriented data, as well as object-oriented data. The final chapters conclude the book.