The scope and limits of the medical duty of care in neonatal medicine are not clearly defined. This is a taboo subject. In particular, the holder of decision-making authority and the criteria for decision-making are disputed among legal experts, medical professionals, and ethicists. The book discusses the issues surrounding such life-and-death decisions across disciplines. It presents clinical practice, examines constitutional requirements, and addresses the medical healing mandate as well as criminal and medical liability law. Ethical solutions and professional guidelines are also critically examined, leading to the identification of treatment boundaries and a proposed way out of the decision-making dilemma.