The work 'De civitate Dei' by Aurelius Augustine is a fundamental document that holds great significance in both ancient and medieval ethics, political philosophy, and historiography. This book addresses the distinction between two ethical orientations, which leads to the development of a doctrine of the two kingdoms and a distinctive interpretation of history. Despite its influence, the work has rarely been precisely interpreted in the German-speaking world. The present volume brings together contributions from experts from various countries and offers a detailed, argument- and source-based analysis of this complex work, which Augustine himself described as 'great and difficult.' Readers will thus gain deep insights into the philosophical and ethical questions raised by Augustine and the relevance of his thoughts for the political theory of the Middle Ages.