Anarchism and Marxism have been suspicious and hostile towards each other within the left since their emergence as distinct movements. The increasingly apparent reformist tendency of international social democracy played a significant role in this. Until World War I, it was anarchism that represented the embodiment of the revolutionary wing of the socialist movement. However, with the events in Russia in 1917 and the role of the Bolsheviks in the revolutionary process, this fundamentally changed. It was now not only one country that had succeeded in breaking through the pervasive hopelessness brought about by the world war; moreover, it was a party that identified itself as Marxist, which emerged victorious from a revolutionary process it had actively promoted. For anarchism, this development marked a complete turning point in many respects.