The great historian Raul Hilberg has significantly shaped the study of the Holocaust with his work 'The Destruction of the European Jews.' His book 'Perpetrators, Victims, Bystanders' remains central to the debate on the history of National Socialism to this day. The doyenne of Holocaust research, who passed away in 2007, left behind a rich collection of important texts that have not yet been translated into German. In the volume 'Anatomy of the Holocaust,' a selection of these texts is now available in German for the first time. It addresses still controversial questions regarding the history of the Holocaust, such as the role of the Jewish councils, the motives of the Germans for the persecution and murder of the Jews, and the question of moral responsibility. Additionally, very personal texts complete the picture: Raul Hilberg describes his moving journey to Auschwitz as a member of the Holocaust Commission.