"Anthropology as Critique of the Modern World" is an attempt to make alternative worlds and ways of life visible – this was the core of Claude Lévi-Strauss's scientific work. Nowhere is this presented more vividly and concisely than in this posthumously published volume. It brings together three previously unpublished lectures that Lévi-Strauss delivered in Japan in 1986. They explore the question of what role anthropology can play in the modern world, starting from the observation that the Western model of society and progress has reached an impasse due to the ecological consequences of capitalist industrialization, environmental destruction, and the exploitation of natural resources. This is where anthropology comes into play, as it examines and acknowledges alternative social models and different ways of interacting with nature.