Apu Taytayku - this is how the Quechuas of the Andean region of South America refer to Jesus Christ. This concept incorporates both Christian tradition and pre-colonial indigenous wisdom, merging them in a form of "double loyalty": to one's own culture as well as to the Gospel. Josef Estermann traces this ambivalent relationship between Christian religion and indigenous cultures since the colonization of Abya Yala (Latin America) and outlines, against the backdrop of a genuinely Andean philosophy, the challenges for an indigenous Andean theology. Estermann creatively advances Latin American liberation theology by addressing the question of the possibility of an intercultural deconstruction and decolonization of a Christian theology formulated in Western rationality and elaborating on it.