Masked youths behind colorful banners, with slogans like "Smash Capitalism!" or "Fight the system!": A new generation of neo-Nazis has emerged with the Autonomen Nationalisten (AN), completely contradicting the previous stereotype. Stylistically inspired by youth cultural expressions of the left, these new Nazis have generated both general irritation and attraction within the extreme right. A thorough academic examination of this phenomenon has been lacking until now. For the first time, this work comprehensively analyzes the formation, development, and impact of the AN. It investigates their performance practices, self-image, and worldview, as well as their relationship with the NPD and the life circumstances of the actors involved. Contributions addressing the varying situations in the federal states account for regional developments.