Since the Kosovo war and the subsequent independence of Kosovo, the "Albanian question" has occupied European politics. In 1912, after the end of the Ottoman Empire, the Albanian state was created. But it comprises only about half of all Albanians, who are the largest Muslim people in Europe. This book is the first to describe the history of all Albanians in Southeast Europe, in Albania, but also in Kosovo, Macedonia, Montenegro and Greece. For many years Albania was isolated from the rest of the world under the dictator Enver Hoxha. Since 2008 there are two Albanian states, Albania and Kosovo, which are both struggling with serious political and economic problems. Today, Albanians are increasingly asking themselves where they belong: to the Islamic Orient or the European Occident?