The volume brings together current social science research on the diverse issues surrounding talent, ability, and performance. Despite the far-reaching promises of educational equity, these educational and pedagogical guiding principles continue to play a central role in the reproduction of educational inequalities. They are intertwined with political and social conditions in various ways and shape self-conceptions and life courses as well as educational practices. The themes addressed include processes of subjectivation, the political and social contexts of talent development, the social history and social construction of talent, as well as the complex interplay between talent and inequality.