What are the neuroscientific foundations for achieving successful learning, and how do we address them? What societal processes influence the development of talents and the promotion of creativity? How should teaching be structured to achieve genuine learning gains, develop talents, and foster creativity? What specific subject-related perspectives on talent and creativity are important? In an interdisciplinary discourse, the publication provides answers to these questions, presents solutions, and also highlights further issues. Representatives from both theory and practice contribute equally. The development of talents and the promotion of creativity are examined from the perspective of contemporary conditions and trends, general theoretical positions and discourses, as well as practical concepts and resources for support.