Katharina Rathmann investigates for the first time the significance of structural features of education systems (differentiation, segregation, public vs. private sector) as well as welfare states for the extent of social inequality in the health of adolescents. In addition to individual determinants of health and socially conditioned inequality, macro-structural determinants of health and health inequality are increasingly being considered in cross-country studies. Based on data from the WHO study "Health Behaviour in School-aged Children" (HBSC), the author presents representative empirical findings on the health and health inequality of adolescents in 34 European and North American countries.