The work "Bioinspired Applications in Artificial and Natural Computation" is a comprehensive collection of research findings that emerged from the third international working conference on the interactions between natural and artificial computation. This conference took place in June 2009 in Santiago de Compostela, Spain, and brought together experts from various disciplines to discuss the latest developments in the connection between artificial intelligence (AI) and biologically inspired methods. The two volumes contain a total of 108 revised contributions, divided into two thematic areas. The first volume focuses on theoretical and methodological aspects that link AI with neurophysiology and cognition, while the second volume concentrates on biologically inspired approaches to solving problems in AI and knowledge processing across various application domains. This collection provides valuable insights into the interfaces between natural and artificial systems and is a significant resource for researchers and practitioners in the fields of computer science and artificial intelligence.