The Kiel sailors' uprising and the November Revolution of 1918 led to a radical change in the former imperial naval city in political, economic, and cultural areas. For artists, writers, and actors, Expressionism was the appropriate art form to express the horrors of war, as well as the political and social utopias. Female artists, who were for the first time granted access to state art academies by the Weimar Republic, still faced difficulties and were pressured by their husbands to abandon their careers after marriage. The most talented artists left Kiel as early as the 1920s. Those who remained in Kiel paid a high price. Some became entangled in a web of intrigue, factional struggles, or artistic jealousy. Almost all Kiel artists suffered during the bombings of the world war.