Julia Kristeva has presented a groundbreaking study on depression and melancholy. Even Nerval's metaphor of the "black sun" points to the dark yet radiant nature of her subject. Kristeva succeeds in breaking open the increasingly pathological and thus narrowing discourse surrounding the "depressive-melancholic complex." She demonstrates that in depression and melancholy lies the source of suffering, but also—and inseparably—of creativity. In the early theories of Freud and Abraham, depression conceals an aggression towards the lost object and reveals an ambivalence of the depressive towards the object of their grief. Furthermore, more recent theories on narcissism, such as those by Edith Jacobson and Béla Grunberger, refer to depression as an archaic expression of an unrepresentable, unnamed narcissism.