The Protestant theologian Johannes Lepsius (1858-1926) is one of the prominent German figures of humanitarianism in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. His writings on the Christian minority of Armenians in the Ottoman Empire impressively document the engagement with moral and political questions and contemporary church developments in the context of homogenization movements of population groups in multi-ethnic states. His first significant publication, "Armenia and Europe: An Indictment" (1896), is a documentation of the massacres of Armenians in the Ottoman Empire. The text is now available for the first time in a critical study edition, featuring a detailed commentary on the text and sources, as well as a comprehensive history of its creation and impact, along with extensive indexes.