Ludwig Quidde (1858-1941) was a historian and pacifist-oriented politician during the German Empire and the Weimar Republic, where he emerged as a prominent critic of Wilhelm II and German militarism. In 1927, Quidde was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for his pacifist engagement. His work "Caligula: A Study of Roman Caesar Madness" was first published in 1894 and achieved a sensational 30 editions. The success was significantly attributed to the parallel drawn between the pathological Roman Emperor Caligula and the pompous demeanor of Wilhelm II. In this new edition of the text from 1926, Quidde intensified and specified this parallel in light of the First World War.