The development cooperation with Africa has a history of over 60 years. However, the results of the diverse projects and support measures are sobering. The majority of the African population lives below the poverty line, famines are widespread, and the economic strength of many states on the continent remains unchanged and low despite the wealth of natural resources. This book analyzes the causes from the perspective of social work, critically examines the previous strategies of development cooperation with Africa, and derives suggestions for optimization.