Based on an analysis of the need for reform and the opportunities for reform in Germany and selected accession countries (Poland, Hungary, and the Czech Republic), this work examines the consequences of the Eastern enlargement for the realization of the long-overdue market-oriented reforms in Germany as well as for the market-oriented development in the aforementioned accession countries. The results of the analysis suggest the necessity to postpone the Eastern enlargement until the required reforms in Germany are largely implemented. The book is aimed at anyone interested in regulatory policy, market-oriented reforms, and the problems and opportunities of expanding integration areas, particularly the European Union. It is also intended for those who deal with these topics in practice.