This work will focus on the communist intellectuals who were committed supporters of the movement from the very beginning and remained convinced communists until their death. The central question of interest is how Khrushchev's speech had driven the communist intellectuals of this first generation in Hungary and East Germany so far from the official party line that they found themselves temporarily on the opposite side of the party. How did the (cultural) politics of the 1960s influence the artistic and intellectual work of these intellectuals? This research aims to connect the political events of the late 1950s and 1960s with the creative periods of the writers through the following questions: What impact did the political and historical events of those years have?.