Germany has effectively developed into an immigration country, leading to multiculturalism and multilingualism. This development presents challenges for the education system, which have not yet been satisfactorily addressed. As the results of the PISA study show, young people from immigrant families achieve significantly lower educational success than students without a migration background—even if they were born in Germany and have completed their entire schooling in Germany. International comparative studies also indicate that the support for young people with a migration background in Germany is less effective than in most other countries. The author provides a summary overview of the educational participation of children and adolescents with a migration background.