The workers' associations in Switzerland were not only the first point of contact for the wandering craftsmen from the German-speaking monarchies, but for some, they became a temporary or even permanent home abroad. They were multifunctional and offered the young, unattached worker a full program for their free time: they served as places of education, social hubs for men, and spaces for political action. Founded by political refugees in the 1830s as singing or reading clubs, the German workers' associations became schools for democratic practices and organizational skills. Later, activities such as gymnastics, dance, theater, and more were added. The camaraderie among men was of great importance, and alcohol and cigar consumption were indulged in without restraint, allowing everyday worries and material troubles to be forgotten for a few hours.