Slavery has become one of the most significant research topics. The well-known transatlantic context of slavery has recently been enriched by numerous studies that consider other regions and create new representations of servility. The pre-modern Mediterranean has proven especially fruitful for an extended approach to forms of slavery. This volume collects papers that reconsider the Mediterranean from various disciplinary perspectives and examine the semantics and practices of servility in Western and Eastern Europe, North Africa, as well as in the Byzantine and Ottoman Empires. The results from microhistorical case studies and transcultural comparative analyses are compared, and various forms of interlinkage are discussed. This volume is marked by a combination of cultural studies and approaches from microhistorical and praxeological perspectives, forming part of a new social history. In doing so, slavery is conceived and problematized as a context-specific social relation. The topic of slavery is thriving. In addition to the familiar notions of slavery from the transatlantic context, numerous studies have emerged in recent years that use examples from other countries to create new images of servitude. The Mediterranean of the pre-modern period has proved to be a particularly fruitful field. This volume brings together contributions that examine the Mediterranean from various disciplinary perspectives and investigate the semantics and practices of slavery in Western and Eastern Europe, in North Africa, and in the Byzantine and Ottoman Empires. In microhistorical case studies and transcultural comparative analyses, these results are juxtaposed and examined in their interdependencies. The volume thus situates itself in the field of a new social history that combines theories of cultural studies with microhistorical and praxeological approaches, conceiving of slavery as a context-dependent social relation.