Those Armenian atrocities remind me strongly today, as they rise before me again, of those of National Socialism, which, in the days when I write this, are shaking the world through the revelations that have occurred. There is a significant connection here, wrote the Swiss theologian Leonhard Ragaz shortly before his death in 1945. This book explores that connection. It is the result of an international research project at the University of Zurich, to which experts from Europe, the Middle East, and the USA have responded. Out of a fear of decline, socially Darwinist-influenced imperial elites developed a socio-technological mindset of extermination. The concealed genocide of 1915/16 proved to be a vile but successful model for resolving minority issues due to its nationalist rationality combined with displacement.